Comparison of the Utstein and Water Incident Reporting Systems

Utstein Reporting System 2015

Water Incident Reporting System v1.2 2022

Ref

Criterion

Priority

Responses

Included

Criterion

Guidance

Responses

1

Victim identifier

Core

ID

Y

Injured person

Where multiple IPs are involved, each is entered individually

Name

2

Sex

Core

Male/female

Y

Sex

If gender is reported as different to sex this is noted in the Other Information field

Male; Female; Unknown

3

Age

Core

Age in years

Y

Age; Age category

Exact age in years reported, plus age category

0-4; 5-9; 10-14; 15-19; 20-24; 25-29; 30-34; 35-39; 40-44; 45-49; 50-54; 55-59; 60-64; 65-69; 70-74; 75-79; 80-84; 85-89; 90+

4

Race

Supp.

White, African, African American, Asian, Hispanic

Y

Race

Reported and photo included where reported

Arab; Asian; Black; Chinese; Gypsy/Traveller; Indian; Mixed; Pakistani; White; Other

5

Ethnicity

Supp.

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

6

Incident date and time

Core

Use 24 hour clock

Y

Incident data and time; Time of day (range); Closest incident date if unconfirmed; Day of the week

Exact date and time reported, plus time range and day of the week. Closet incident date if unconfirmed reported separately.

Date; Time; Day of the Week; 00:00<07:00; 07:00<12:00; 12:00<18:00; 18:00<00:00; Not reported

7

Precipitating event

Core

One or more: Alcohol; drug intoxication; traumatic injury; seizures or syncope; suspected cardiac arrest; suicide; drowning related to boating accident, submerged vehicle, or flood; hyperventilation/breath holding; primary circulatory arrest; other (specify); unknown

Y

Activity in/near body of water

Injured person factors, medical conditions, initiating event, type of entry, and contributing factors all reported separately.

General swim/exercise; Swimming lesson; Exercise/fitness; Coastal watersports/recreation; Inland watersports/recreation; Playing in the house/garden; Land-based activity; Travel on/near water; Working on/near water; Chased/exposed to violence; Aquapark/waterslide; Party/pool inflatable; Diving; Not reported

8

Face submerged before/during rescue?

Core

Y/N/U

Y

Submersion duration

Reported in minutes

<1; 1<2; 2<3; 3<5; 5<10; 10<30; 30<60; 60+; Not reported; Not applicable

9

Existing condition

Core

Seizure disorders, chronic heart disease, chronic lung disease, chronic neurological disease, none, unknown

Y

Medical condition(s)

Included if reported

Epilepsy; Diabetes; Mental illness; ASD; ADHD; Downs Syndrome; Learning disability; Mobility-related disability; Deaf/hearing loss; Blind/sight loss; Substance abuse; Other; None

10

Ice present?

Core

Present; not present; unknown

Y

Initiating event; Type of entry into the water

The event immediately prior to the incident

Fell through ice

11

Water temperature

Core

Degrees Celsius or unknown

Y

Water temperature

Present at the time of the incident. Reported in degrees Celsius. Met Office, press reports, or equivalent. Mark "n/a" if the water body was a bath. Default to 21-30 indoor pools and for inland water in summer 11-20 and 0-10 in winter. Sea default to 11-20.

Less than 0; 0-10; 11-20; 21-30; 30+; Not reported; n/a

12

Who witnessed the drowning

Core

Unwitnessed; witnessed by a bystander; witnessed by a professional; witnessed by EMS

Y

Person(s) around at the point of danger; Supervisor sex

Person who witnesses the incident and raises the alarm

Professional; Knew the IP; Stranger; Adult >=18; Child <18; Male; Female 

13

Bystander CPR

Core

Y/N/U

Y

Spotter

Provided by the lay rescuer to the arrival of the emergency services

Professional; Knew the IP; Stranger; Adult >=18; Child <18; Male; Female 

14

CPR method

Supp.

Chest compressions and ventilation; chest compressions only; ventilation only; the number of initial breaths

Y

Bystander Care

Provided by the lay rescuer prior to the arrival of emergency services

CPR provided; AED used; AED available, not used; Not provided 

15

Did a trained first responder perform CPR?

Core

CPR and ventilation; ventilations only; CPR only

Y

Bystander care; Expertise available prior to emergency service arrival

If present, it is assumed CPR was provided

16

Vital status at first trained responder/EMS assessment

Core

Response: AVPU/ABC/GCS

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

17

Normal breathing

Core

Y/N/U

Y

Bystander care

Calculated from bystander care field

Calculated field

18

Pulse

Core

Y/N/U

Y

Bystander care

Calculated from bystander care field

Calculated field

19

Initial cardiac rhythm

Core

Ventricular fibrillation; Ventricular tachycardia; Pulseless electrical activity; asystole; other

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

20

First vital signs: Body temperature

Supp.

Degrees Celsius

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

21

First vital signs: Heart rate

Supp.

bpm

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

22

First vital signs: Blood pressure

Supp.

mm Hg

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

23

First vital signs: Respiratory rate

Supp.

Spontaneous; not spontaneous

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

24

First vital signs: oxyhaemoglobin saturation

Supp.

%

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

25

Pulmonary status

Supp.

Normal lung examination, patient is coughing, unilateral rales, bilateral rales

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

26

Type of water/liquid

Supp.

Fresh water, salt water, water containing chemicals

Y

Water type

As reported or calculated from Body of Water field. Controlled water used for chemically treated and managed waters, including pools and spa pools, but excluding paddling pools. River, lake, bath and paddling pool always reported as freshwater. Sea and Port reported as saltwater.

Controlled waters; Freshwater; Saltwater; n/a

27

Body of water

Supp.

Bathtub; swimming pool; ocean; lake; river; creek; bayou; pond; bucket; hot tub; or other body or container of liquid? This list should be modified as needed to include local hazards.

Y

Body of water

Hot tub reported as spa pool. Creek reported as river.

Indoor swimming pool; Open-air swimming pool; Jacuzzi/spa pool; Paddling pool; Garden/ornamental pond; Water tub; Bath; Lake/quarry/reservoir; River/loch/canal; Sea/Port; Not reported; Other

28

Level of medical knowledge of professional delivering patient care

Core

Paramedic; emergency medical technician; first responder; other

Y

First responder present

First responder sent ahead of paramedics

Medical professional; Paramedic/EMT/ first responder; Lifeguard/First Aider; Not reported; n/a

29

Interventions used by professionals during resuscitation

Core

Bag-mask; supraglottic airway device; endotracheal intubation; other

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

30

Was the professional performing initial patent care the same person who performed the rescue?

Supp.

Y/N/U

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

31

Number of professionals attending the patient

Supp.

No.

Y

Number of trained persons attending to the IP

Including emergency and non-emergency personnel

1; 2<3; 3<5; 5+; Not reported

32

If drowning was in a river, what were the water conditions?

Supp.

Waves/currents/flat water

Y

Water conditions

Sea, Port, and River included

Waves; Currents; Flat water; Not reported

33

Who removed the casualty?

Supp.

Professional/EMS/bystander

Y

Rescuer; Rescuer characteristics

Site employee; Member of the public (known to the IP); Member of the public (not known to the IP); Emergency Services; Volunteer Rescue Service; Helicopter (Coastguard); Not reported

34

How was the casualty removed?

Supp.

Swimming/boat/personal watercraft/jet ski/rescue board/helicopter

Y

Method of extraction

 Recovered by, date and time of recovery, and recovery method are recorded

Rescuer; Emergency Services; Not recovered; Date; Time; Lift Out; Diver; Helicopter; Boat; Not applicable 

35

Time face/airway seen underwater

Core

hh:mm:ss

Y

Submersion duration

As reported by witnesses

<1; 1<2; 2<3; 3<5; 5<10; 10<30; 30<60; 60+; n/a

36

Time casualty was removed from water

Core

hh:mm:ss

Y

Date and time recovered from the water

dd:mm:yyyy; hh:mm

37

Time of first trained responder/EMS treatment

Core

hh:mm:ss

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

38

Time CPR first begun

Core

hh:mm:ss

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

39

Time first conscious/awake

Core

hh:mm:ss

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

40

Submersion duration

Core

mm

Y

Submersion duration

<1; 1<2; 2<3; 3<5; 5<10; 10<30; 30<60; 60+; n/a

41

Underwater to first treatment or CPR

Core

mm

Y

Incident date and time; Date and time recovered from the water

Calculated field

42

Date and time of hospital arrival

Core

dd:mm:yy:hh:mm:ss

Y

Date and time of arrival

dd:mm:yyyy; hh:mm

43

CPR ongoing at hospital arrival

Core

Y/N/U

Y

Status on leaving the scene

In-hospital resuscitation assumed if IP was not breathing normally on leaving the scene

Breathing normally, conscious; Breathing normally, unconscious; Pronounced dead; Not reported

44

Duration of CPR

Core

mm

Y

Can be calculated using the date and time between recovery and arrival at the hospital or time of death

45

First vital signs: Temperature

Core

Degrees Celsius

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

46

First vital signs: Heart rate

Core

bpm

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

47

First vital signs: Blood pressure

Core

mm Hg

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

48

First vital signs: Respiratory rate

Core

Spontaneous; not spontaneous

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

49

First vital signs: Oxyhaemoglobin saturation

Core

%

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

50

First cardiac rhythm after hospital arrival

Core

Ventricular fibrillation; Ventricular tachycardia; Pulseless electrical activity; Asystole; Other

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

51

Initial hospital neurological examination

Core

GCS: Eyes, verbal, motor (total 3–15) or AVPU

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

52

Arterial blood gas analysis

Core

pH, Pao2, Paco2, base deficit

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

53

Pulmonary oedema/ARDS

Core

Y/N/U

Y

Pulmonary oedema present

As reported

Yes; No; Not reported

54

Airway and ventilation requirements

Core

(1) Nothing; (2) supplementary O2; (3) non-invasive ventilation support; (4) conventional invasive ventilation support; (5) nonconventional invasive ventilation support

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

55

ICU admission

Core

Y/N/U

Y

Emergency service response factors

Taken to hospital as a precaution; Did not arrive within 8 minutes of the emergency call; Moved from A&E to a specialist hospital; Hospital transfer from overseas to home country; Was travelling overseas when the incident occurred; None

56

Induced hypothermia

Core

Y/N/U

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

57

Temperature management

Core

Y/N/U

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

58

Initial Temperature

Core

Degrees Celsius or unknown

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

59

Highest Temperature

Core

Degrees Celsius or unknown

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

60

Lowest Temperature

Core

Degrees Celsius or unknown

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

61

Initial Serum glucose levels

Core

μmol/L or unknown

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

62

Highest Serum glucose levels

Core

μmol/L or unknown

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

63

Lowest Serum glucose levels

Core

μmol/L or unknown

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

64

Hypotension

Core

Y/N/U

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

65

Circulatory support

Core

Y/N/U

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

66

ECMO/CPB

Core

Y/N/U

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

67

Neurological function

Core

Number range 3-15

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

68

In-hospital resuscitation

Core

Y/N/U

Y

Status on leaving the scene

In-hospital resuscitation assumed if IP was not breathing normally on leaving the scene

Breathing normally, conscious; Breathing normally, unconscious; Pronounced dead; Not reported

69

Complicating illness of drowning

Core

Check all that apply: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; Disseminated intravascular coagulation; Pneumonia; Pancreatitis; Acute kidney injury; Shock; Multiple system organ failure; Sepsis;  Electrolyte disturbance; Glucose disturbance; Other; Unknown

Y

Illness resulting from the incident

As reported

Acute respiratory distress syndrome; Brain injury (morbidity); Brain injury (no morbidity); Para/tetraplegia; Pneumonia; Sepsis/infection; None reported

70

If CPR was not ongoing on arrival, why?

Supp.

Pulse present; Patient was considered deceased; Unknown

Y

Reason CPR was stopped prior to emergency service arrival

As reported

IP had resumed normal breathing; Assumed (incorrectly) IP was breathing normally; Rescuer exhausted; Not reported; n/a

71

Time CPR stopped in the emergency department

Supp.

dd:mm:yy; hh:mm:ss; unknown

Y

Date and time of death

Nearest fit

Calculated field

72

Number of defibrillations after hospital arrival

Supp.

Number

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

73

Initial neurological function

Supp.

FOUR Score or unknown

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

74

Initial Hospital Serum lactate

Supp.

mmol/L

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

75

Highest Hospital Serum lactate

Supp.

mmol/L

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

76

Lowest Hospital Serum lactate

Supp.

mmol/L

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

77

Initial Hospital Potassium level

Supp.

mmol/L

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

78

Highest Hospital Potassium level

Supp.

mmol/L

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

79

Lowest Hospital Potassium level

Supp.

mmol/L

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

80

Prior substance abuse

Supp.

Y/N/U

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

81

Blood alcohol level

Supp.

mEq/L or unknown

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

82

Initial Oxygenation

Supp.

%

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

83

Highest Oxygenation

Supp.

%

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

84

Lowest Oxygenation

Supp.

%

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

85

Temperature goal

Supp.

Degrees Celcius or unknown

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

86

Neurological function tests

Supp.

Yes: Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography, evoked potentials, intracranial pressure, micro-dialysis, or tissue oxygen monitoring/serum biomarkers; No; Unknown

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

87

Date of hospital discharge

Core

DD:MM:YY or unknown

Y

Date of discharge

As reported. Left blank if IP died.

dd:mm:yyyy

88

Was the patient discharged?

Core

Y/N

Y

Date of discharge

Date

dd:mm:yyyy

89

Cause of death, if the patient did not survive

Core

Fill in causes per clinician, such as respiratory distress syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, intracranial hypertension, electrolyte disturbances, acute renal failure, seizures, sepsis, or myocardial failure

Y

Cause of death

Coronial inquest

Drowning; Cardiac arrhythmia; Long QT syndrome; Head Injury; SADS; Not reported; Not applicable

90

Neurological outcome at hospital discharge, if the patient survived

Core

CPC scale, OPC scale, paediatric CPC scale, or paediatric OPC scale or modified Rankin score

Y

 Morbidity type

Neurological outcome is included within morbidity type

Brain injury; Paraplegia; Tetraplegia; PTSD 

91

How did the patient die?

Supp.

Brain death with the withdrawal of life support; cardiac arrest without ROSC

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

92

Was an autopsy performed?

Supp.

Y/N

Y

Was an autopsy performed?

Yes; No; Not reported

93

Channelopathy evaluation?

Supp.

Y/N/U

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

94

Neurological and quality-of-life outcomes 6 months after hospital discharge

Supp.

CPC scale, OPC scale, paediatric CPC scale or paediatric OPC scale, or modified Rankin score; Unknown

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

95

Method of administering ventilation

Supp.

Mouth-to-mouth; Bag mask; Supraglottic airway device; Endotracheal intubation; Unknown

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

96

Ventilation rate

Supp.

Number or unknown

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

97

Chest compression rate

Supp.

Rate/min

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

98

Chest compression fraction

Supp.

% or unknown

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

99

Chest compression depth

Supp.

mm or cm or unknown

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

100

Preshock pause interval

Supp.

ss or unknown

N

Insufficient data for accurate reporting

101

Not included

Y

Country

Location of incident

Text

102

Not included

Y

County

Location of the incident; Where the body of water crosses two counties, note added to Other relevant information fields.

Text

103

Not included

Y

Region

Location of incident

Text; Number

104

Not included

Y

Location; Longitude; Latitude

Location of incident

Text; Number

105

Not included

Y

Pool size

Indoor, outdoor, jacuzzi/spa pool, and paddling pool size reported. Other water bodies excluded

<225 sq. metres; >225 sq. metres; Not reported; n/a

106

Not included

Y

Operator type

Public authority owned and operated; Privately owned and operated; Public authority owned, privately operated; Caravan park/holiday let; Theme/waterpark; Nursery/school/college/university;
Respite/foster care; Outdoor event/attraction; Residential home/land (non-commercial use); Construction site; Farm; No operator/common land

107

Not included

Y

Injured person factors

Occurred at/during work; Occurred whilst under school supervision; Child protection order; Looked after child/foster care; Non-swimmer; Suicide (inc. suspected or attempted); History of mental illness; Had consumed alcohol in previous 24 hours; Had taken illegal drugs in previous 24 hours; Adverse reaction to prescribed drugs in previous 24 hours; None of the above were reported

108

Not included

Y

Water depth

Metres; 1-500; 501-1000; 1001-1500; 1501-2000; 2001-3000; 3001-4000; 4001+; Not reported; n/a

109

Not included

Y

Connected incident

Related by location, timing or circumstances (includes concurrent drowning incidents)

110

Not included

Y

Concurrent drowning incident

Multiple persons drowned as part of the same sequence of events (including rescuer drownings)

111

Not included

Y

Type of entry into the water

Fall (unexpected); Climb; Wade; Jump; Dive; Wave (unexpected); Not reported

112

Not included

Y

Buoyancy aid(s) provided

Life jacket; Personal floatation device; Woggle/noodle; Arm bands; Inflatable ring; Not reported; None provided

113

Not included

Y

Contributing factor(s)

Root or secondary cause of the incident

Gate/barrier ineffective; Non-swimmer; Cold water shock; Peer-pressure known/suspected; Sudden change in water depth; Trapped by vehicle/debris; Rip tide/strong current; Adverse weather; Became separated from buoyancy aid; None of the above reported

114

Not included

Y

Violence

Drowned using force; Violent play; Pushed into the water; Pressurised to enter the water; Supplied drugs/alcohol when using water; None of the above reported

115

Not included

Y

Aggressor

Professional carer/supervisor; Known to the IP; Unknown to the IP; Male; Female; Adult (>18); Child (<18); History of mental illness; Adverse reaction to prescribed medication; Under the influence of alcohol/drugs; Not reported

116

Not included

Y

Landowner

Residential; Public authority; Private company; Common land; Not reported

117

Not included

Y

Site experience

Was it the injured persons first time in the water at this site? Marked n/a if entry was unintentional or violence was involved

Yes; No; Not reported; n/a

118

Not included

Y

Supervisor location

At the point of danger

Text

119

Not included

Y

Supervisor line of sight

At the point of danger

Clear view; No line of sight; Obscured by poor water quality; Obscured by other factors; None of the above reported; n/a

120

Not included

Y

Reason for delay in performing a rescue

Did not recognise person was in distress; Misled by body movements; Misled by breath-holding practices; Misled by horseplay; Not reported; n/a

121

Not included

Y

Inquest date

Coronial inquest

dd:mm:yyyy

122

Not included

Y

Report issued

By the coroner

[Local report types included]

123

Not included

Y

Regulatory investigation conducted

[Local agencies included]

124

Not included

Y

Judgment available

Obtained; Not in the public domain; Reporting restrictions in place; n/a

125

Not included

Y

Person(s) prosecuted

Category of person

Landowner; Operator; Employer; Relative of the IP; Other; n/a

126

Not included

Y

Judgement date

Publication date

dd:mm:yyyy

127

Not included

Y

Defendant name

As named in proceedings

128

Not included

Y

Legal basis of charge/claim

[Local legislation included]

129

Not included

Y

Sanction type

[Local sanction types included]

130

Not included

Y

Quantum of fine/damages

In pounds sterling

£

131

Not included

Y

Costs order payable

In pounds sterling

£

132

Not included

Y

Note

Text

133

Not included

Y

Number of sources relied on

Includes judgments, coronial reports, notices, press reports, public service reporting, family accounts

Number

134

Not included

Y

Case note published

A single narrative account compiled from the sources

Yes; No

135

Not included

Y

Image(s)

Photo of the injured person included where reported

Attachment

136

Not included

Y

Other relevant information

Text

137

Not included

Y

Outcome

Drowning fatality; Drowning (recovery with morbidity); Drowning (recovery, no morbidity); Not reported

138

Not included

Y

Air temperature

Degrees Celsius

Number

139

Not included

Y

Number of persons around at the point of danger

Persons in the immediate vicinity.

None; 1<5; 6<10; 10<15; 15<20; 20+; Not reported

140

Not included

Y

Number of supervisors

None; 1; 2<3; 4<5; 5+; Not reported

141

Not included

Y

Number of persons attending to the IP

None; 1; 2<3; 3<5; 5+; Not reported

142

Not included

Y

Reason CPR was not provided

Incorrectly assumed normal breathing; Breathing normally; Presumed dead; Not reported

143

Not included

Y

Reason CPR was stopped prior to emergency service arrival

As reported

IP had resumed normal breathing; Assumed (incorrectly) IP was breathing normally; Rescuer exhausted; Not reported; n/a

144

Not included

Y

Pulmonary oedema present

Yes; No; Not reported